Many carnival operators are so big that they have carnival "units" or divisions. It is common for the independent owners within a traveling carnival to be related, or have intertwined family histories. These independent owners are contract to pay the carnival operator a percentage of what their ride or stand gross in sales. Many of these venues are operated by independent owners who contract (or "book") with the carnival. Most carnivals are not made up of just one operator of rides, food or games.
Worldwide there are many different traveling carnival companies. The number grew to 46 in 1905 by 1937 there was an estimated 300 carnivals touring the country. In 1902, there were seventeen traveling carnivals in the US. The appeal of this new type of entertainment was embraced. Some members of his company formed successful traveling carnivals after Otto Schmitt's company closed. His company closed due to poor business practices before completing its first tour. The company featured thirteen acts, including some from the World's Fair, and began a tour of the northeast US. Otto Schmitt, a showman at the world's fair, formed Chicago Midway Plaisance Amusement Company. Following the Chicago World's Fair, the term "midway" was adopted from the Midway Plaisance to denote the area at county and state fairs where sideshow entertainment was located. It also featured the original Ferris Wheel, constructed by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. This avenue of the fair had games of chance, freak shows, wild west shows (including Buffalo Bill whose show was set up near the fairground) and burlesque shows. At the Chicago World's Fair was an avenue at the edge of the grounds called the Midway Plaisance. It is believed that the 1893 Chicago World's Fair was the catalyst that brought about the modern traveling carnival. These shows could include a circus, vaudeville show, burlesque show, or a magic lantern show. Through most of the 19th century, rural North America enjoyed the entertainment of traveling shows. The preeminent carousel maker in the 19th century, his fairground machinery was exported globally. His invention, a steam engine mounted in the center of the ride, transformed the fairground industry in England and around the world. In 1868, Frederick Savage, an agricultural engineer from King's Lynn, devised a method of driving rides by steam. Typical shows included menageries of wild animals, freak shows, wax works, boxing/ wrestling challenges, and theatrical shows. In the 19th century, before the development of mechanical attractions, sideshows were the mainstay of most funfairs. These were small, made of wood and propelled by gangs of boys. The first fairground rides began to appear in the 18th century. Originally, a fair would also have had a significant number of market stalls today this is rare and most sidestalls only offer food or games. Many thrill rides, such as the paratrooper and the Matterhorn, include spinning people at high speed coupled with other accelerations. Modern traveling carnivals usually make contracts with local governments in order to play both state and county fairs, as well as smaller venues (such as store parking lots, church bazaars, volunteer fire department fund raisers, and civic celebrations). Due to the type of acts featured along with sometimes using dishonest business practices, the traveling carnivals were often looked down upon. After the Chicago World's Fair, traveling carnival companies began touring the United States. The Chicago World's Fair had an area that included rides, games of chance, freak shows, and burlesque.
In 1893, the Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition (also called the Chicago World's Fair) was the catalyst for the development of the modern traveling carnival. Unlike traditional carnival celebrations, the North American traveling carnival is not tied to a religious observance. In fact, many carnivals have circuses while others have a clown aesthetic in their decor. Its roots are similar to the 19th century circus with both being fitted-up in open fields near or in town and moving to a new location after a period of time. A traveling carnival is not set up at a permanent location, like an amusement park or funfair, but is moved from place to place. A Finnish funfair Suomen Tivoli in Jyväskylä, FinlandĪ traveling carnival (US English), usually simply called a carnival, or travelling funfair (UK English), is an amusement show that may be made up of amusement rides, food vendors, merchandise vendors, games of chance and skill, thrill acts, and animal acts.
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